The BSD Family Tree
The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
---------------------------------------------
First Edition (V1)
|
Second Edition (V2)
|
Third Edition (V3)
|
Fourth Edition (V4)
|
Fifth Edition (V5)
|
Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
\ |
\ |
\ |
Seventh Edition (V7)----|----------------------*
\ | |
\ 1BSD |
32V | |
\ 2BSD---------------* |
\ / | |
\ / | |
\/ | |
3BSD | |
| | |
4.0BSD 2.79BSD |
| | |
4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD <-*
| |
4.1aBSD -----------\ |
| \ |
4.1bBSD \ |
| \ |
*------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
/ | |
Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
| | |
+----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
| | |
+----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
| | / |
Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
| 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
| | \ |
| | \ |
v | 2.11BSD
Tenth Edition | |
| 2.11BSD rev #430
4.3BSD NET/1 |
| v
4.3BSD Reno
|
*---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
| | | |
386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
| | | |
386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
| \ | 4.4BSD Alpha |
| 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
| | 4.4BSD |
| | / | |
| | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
| -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
| / | | |
FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
| | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
| | / | | \ |
FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ |
| / | | | \ |
FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ |
| / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
| / | | \ |
FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
| \ | |
FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
| .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
| | \ | | | | |
| | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
| | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
| | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
| | | | BSD/OS 3.0 |
FreeBSD 2.1 | | | |
| | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 -. BSD/OS 2.1
| FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
| | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
| FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
| | | | | \ | |
| FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
| | | | | \ | |
| FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
| FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
*-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
| \ | | | | |
| FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
| | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
| | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
| | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | |
| FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
| | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
| | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
| FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
| FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
| FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
| | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
*---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
| | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
| FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
| | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
| FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
| | | | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
*---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
| | | | / | | | |
| FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
| | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | |
| FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
| | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
| | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
| | | | | | |
| FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
| | | Mac OS X | | | |
| | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
| FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
| | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
| FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
| | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
| FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
| | 10.2 | | |
| FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
| | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
| FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
| | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
| |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
| | \ | | | | |
| FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
| | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
| | | | | v |
| FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
| | | | | |
| FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
| | | | |
| `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
| | | | \
FreeBSD 5.0 | | | |
| | | | |
FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
| \ | | | |
| ----- Mac OS X | | |
| 10.3 | | |
FreeBSD 5.2 | | | |
| | | | | |
| FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
| | | | |
*-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
| | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
| | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
| | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
| | 10.4 | | | | |
| FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
| | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
| | | | | | | |
*--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
| 6.0 | | | | | |
| | | | | \ | |
| | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | |
| | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
| | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
| FreeBSD | | | | | | |
| 6.1 | | | | | | |
| | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 |
| | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | |
| | | | NetBSD 3.1 | |
| FreeBSD 6.2 | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0
| | | | OpenBSD 4.1 |
| | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0
| | Mac OS X | | |
| | 10.5 | | |
| | | | OpenBSD 4.2 |
| | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | |
| FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | |
| \ | | | | |
*--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0
| 7.0 | | | | | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 |
| | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0
| | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 |
| | 6.4 | | | |
| | | | | |
| FreeBSD 7.1 | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0
| FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 |
| \ | | 5.0 | |
| \ | | / | \ | |
| | Mac OS X | | | \ | |
| | 10.6 | | | \ | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0
| | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 |
| | | | | | | | |
*--FreeBSD | | | | | | | |
| 8.0 | | | | | | | |
| | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | |
| | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0
| | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 |
| FreeBSD | | | | | | |
| 8.1 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2
| | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 |
| | | | | | *--NetBSD | |
| FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | |
| 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1
| | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 |
| `-----. Mac OS X | | | | |
| \ 10.7 | | | | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 |
*--FreeBSD | | | | | | |
| 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1
| | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | |
| | 8.3 | | | | | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 5.1.3 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 5.1.4 | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 |
| | | Mac OS X | `--------. | |
| | | 10.8 | | | |
| | | | *--NetBSD | | |
| | | | | 6.0 | | |
| | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1
| FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | |
| 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | | 5.2.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | | 5.2.2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | \ | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 6.0.1 | |
| | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 6.0.2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 6.0.3 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 6.0.4 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 6.0.5 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 6.0.6 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | *--NetBSD | |
| | | | | 6.1 | |
| | FreeBSD | | | | |
| | 8.4 | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | 6.1.1 | |
| | | | | | |
| FreeBSD | | NetBSD | |
| 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | |
| | Mac OS X | | | |
| | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 |
| `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0
| \ | | | | |
*--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | |
| 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2
| | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | 6.1.4 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3
| | | | | | | |
| | FreeBSD | | | | |
| | 9.3 | | | | |
| | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2
| | | | 6.1.5 | |
| | Mac OS X | | |
| | 10.10 | | |
| | | | OpenBSD 5.6 |
| FreeBSD | | | |
| 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1
| | | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2
| | | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3
| | | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4
| | | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5
| | | | | |
| | | | OpenBSD 5.7 |
| | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0
| FreeBSD | | | |
| 10.2 | | | |
| | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | |
| | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 |
| | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1
| FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 |
| 10.3 | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | 7.0.1 | |
| `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
*--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 |
| 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 7.0.2 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | *--NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 7.1 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0
| | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 |
| FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0
| 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | |
| | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1
| | | | | | | |
| `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2
| | | | | 7.1.1 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | 7.1.2 `--. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 |
| | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0
| | | | 8.0 | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2
| FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | |
| 11.2 | | | 7.2 | |
| | macOS | | | |
| | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0
*--FreeBSD | | | | | |
| 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1
| | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1
| | FreeBSD macOS | | | |
| | 11.3 10.15 | | | |
| FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 |
| 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | |
| | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2
| | | | *--NetBSD | | |
| | | | | 9.0 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3
| | | | | | NetBSD | |
| | | | | | 8.2 | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1
| | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 |
| | FreeBSD | | | | |
| | 11.4 | | | | |
| | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2
| | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3
| | | | NetBSD 9.1 OpenBSD 6.8 |
| FreeBSD macOS | | | |
| 12.2 11 | | | |
| | | | | | |
| `------. | | | | |
| | | | | | |
*--FreeBSD | | | | | |
| 13.0 | | | NetBSD 9.2 OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1
| | | | | | | |
| | FreeBSD macOS | | OpenBSD 7.0 |
| | 12.3 12 | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1
| | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 |
| FreeBSD | | | | | |
| 13.1 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2
| | | | | NetBSD 9.3 | |
| | | macOS | OpenBSD 7.2 |
| | | 13 | | |
| | FreeBSD | | | |
| | 12.4 | | | |
| | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0
| | | | OpenBSD 7.3 |
| FreeBSD | | | |
| 13.2 | | | |
| | | | | |
| `------. | | | |
| | macOS | | |
| | 14 | | |
| | | | OpenBSD 7.4 |
*--FreeBSD | | | | |
| 14.0 | | | | |
| | | | | |
| FreeBSD | | | |
| 13.3 | | | |
| | *--NetBSD | |
| | | 10.0 | |
| | | | |
| | | OpenBSD 7.5 |
| | | | |
FreeBSD 15 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current
| | | | |
v v v v v
Time
----------------
Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System.
[APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/]
[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, Volume 11,
Info 4, April, 1987.
[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. Changes in the
Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX Version 2.9,
July, 1983.
[NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. ISBN 0201547775, EAN
9780201547771
[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/.
[USE] Usenet announcement.
[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
Multics 1965
UNIX Summer 1969 DEC PDP-7
First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 10 UNIX installations
Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] Pipes, 16 installations
Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] rewriting in C effected, above 30 installations
Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] above 50 installations
Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] port to DEC Vax
Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] first portable UNIX
Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
and networking part by the streams mechanism
Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
1BSD late 1977 1978-01-16 [DOC] 1978-03-09 [QCU]
PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
2BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 75 2BSD tapes shipped
2.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS]
2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus community fixes.
2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] set of performance improvements
2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
2.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS]
2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
2.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS]
2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS]
3BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] virtual memory, page replacement, demand paging
4.0BSD 1980-10-xx
4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
4.1aBSD 1982-04-xx alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
4.1cBSD late 1982 beta release, IPC [44B]
4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
1983-08-03 [DOC]
4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
1989-01-01 [DOC]
4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] first code released to people outside BSDI
386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] first external gamma; G customers
BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] would have been 1.0
BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] injunction denied; first official release
NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] the true final distribution from the CSRG
FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx
FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of -current
FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD]
OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD]
FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD]
NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD]
FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD]
DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB]
Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL]
OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD]
FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD]
DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB]
FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD]
OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD]
FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD]
DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB]
NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD]
OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD]
Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL]
NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD]
FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD]
NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release)
FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD]
DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD]
FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD]
DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD]
FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD]
FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD]
DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB]
OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD]
Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL]
OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD]
NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB]
FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD]
OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD]
Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL]
NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD]
OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB]
NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD]
NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release)
FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD]
DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB]
OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release)
NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD]
FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD]
NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD]
NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD]
NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD]
FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD]
NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD]
NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD]
Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL]
OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB]
FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD]
NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD]
NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD]
NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD]
NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD]
DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB]
DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB]
NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD]
NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD]
OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB]
DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB]
DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB]
FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD]
DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB]
NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD]
NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD]
Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL]
OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD]
FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD]
DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB]
DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB]
DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB]
DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB]
DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB]
OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB]
FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD]
NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD]
OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL]
OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD]
DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB]
OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD]
FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD]
NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD]
DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB]
OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD]
macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL]
FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD]
NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD]
NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD]
DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB]
OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD]
FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD]
macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL]
FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD]
OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD]
DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB]
NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD]
NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD]
OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD]
DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB]
FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD]
NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD]
NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD]
macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL]
OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD]
DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB]
FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD]
DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB]
OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD]
NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD]
DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB]
FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD]
DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB]
OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD]
macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL]
macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release)
FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD]
NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD]
DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB]
NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD]
DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB]
OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD]
FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD]
DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB]
DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB]
OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD]
NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD]
FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD]
macOS 11 2020-11-19 [APL]
FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD]
OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD]
DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB]
NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD]
DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB]
OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD]
macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL]
FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD]
DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB]
OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD]
FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD]
DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB]
NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD]
OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD]
macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL]
FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD]
DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB]
OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD]
FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD]
macOS 14 2023-09-26 [APL]
OpenBSD 7.4 2023-10-16 [OBD]
FreeBSD 14.0 2023-11-20 [FBD]
FreeBSD 13.3 2024-03-05 [FBD]
NetBSD 10.0 2024-03-28 [NBD]
OpenBSD 7.5 2024-04-05 [OBD]
Bibliography
------------------------
Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The
Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition.
Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2
Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
FreeBSD Release Information
URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
Manual pages for FreeBSD and ports
URL: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi
UNIX history graphing project
URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
UNIX history
URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/
James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
Acknowledgments
---------------
Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
--
Copyright (c) 1997-2023 Wolfram Schneider
URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
Last modified on: Jun 30, 2024.